Energy storage spans utility-scale batteries, behind-the-meter systems, electric-vehicle batteries and technologies beyond lithium-ion. The figures below distinguish observed results from estimates and forecasts, with measurement periods and geographies kept explicit.
Key Energy Storage Industry Statistics
The most useful headline figures cover deployment, demand, cost, investment and access:
- In 2023, 42 GW of battery storage capacity was added globally.
- In 2023, more than 85 GW of power-sector battery storage capacity was operational globally.
- In 2023, nearly 45 million electric vehicles were on roads worldwide, including cars, buses and trucks.
- In 2023, the global energy sector used more than 2,400 GWh of batteries, including transport and power applications.
- In the IEA Net Zero Emissions scenario, global energy storage capacity reaches 1,500 GW by 2030, a sixfold increase.
- In the same 2030 scenario, battery storage reaches 1,200 GW globally, a 14-fold increase.
- Through 2030, battery storage deployment needs average annual growth of 25% in the IEA net-zero pathway.
- Between 2010 and 2023, average battery costs fell 90% globally.
- In 2023, EVs represented more than 90% of energy-sector battery use globally.
- In 2023, lithium iron phosphate batteries represented 80% of new battery storage globally.
- In 2023, global investment in EV batteries and battery storage totaled $150 billion.
- In 2023, China, Europe and the United States accounted for more than 90% of global battery investment.
- In 2023, China held nearly 85% of global battery-cell production capacity.
- At the end of 2024, U.S. utility-scale battery storage capacity exceeded 26 GW.
- In 2024, U.S. operators added 10.4 GW of utility-scale battery storage.
- In April 2024, more than 50% of new California residential solar installations were paired with batteries.
- By 2030, close to 400 million people in Africa could gain electricity access through decentralized solar and battery mini-grids in the IEA pathway.
Contents
- Global energy storage and battery deployment
- Energy storage capacity growth and 2030 forecasts
- Battery demand, costs and technology trends
- Energy storage investment and supply chains
- U.S. grid battery storage data
- Residential, utility-scale and electricity-access storage
Global Energy Storage and Battery Deployment
Global deployment statistics show why battery storage is only one part of the broader energy-storage industry. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported 42 GW of new battery storage capacity in 2023 and more than 85 GW of power-sector battery capacity in use that year.
- Global EV battery deployment increased 40% year on year in 2023, while the worldwide EV stock reached nearly 45 million vehicles, including cars, buses and trucks. IEA, Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions — Executive summary
- The energy sector used more than 2,400 GWh of batteries in 2023, four times its 2020 level. This population includes transport and power applications, so it is not a stationary-storage total. IEA, Status of battery demand and supply
- More than 2,000 GWh of lithium-ion capacity was added worldwide over approximately 2018–2023, according to the IEA’s five-year cumulative estimate. IEA, Status of battery demand and supply
These measures describe capacity, battery volume and vehicle stock rather than identical outcomes. Battery storage capacity is measured in power terms such as GW, while battery use is often reported in energy terms such as GWh.
Energy Storage Capacity Growth and 2030 Forecasts
The IEA’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 scenario is a modeled pathway, not a guaranteed market result. It requires storage expansion across utility-scale and behind-the-meter systems.
| IEA NZE scenario measure | 2030 pathway figure | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| Total energy storage capacity | 1,500 GW | Global; sixfold increase |
| Battery storage capacity | 1,200 GW | Global; 14-fold increase |
| Share of storage growth supplied by batteries | 90% | Global |
| Battery investment | $800 billion | Global battery industry |
The pathway calls for battery deployment to grow by an average 25% per year through 2030. The IEA also projects batteries in EVs and storage to be directly linked to nearly 20% of the emissions reductions needed in 2030 on the net-zero path.
The $800 billion battery-investment level in 2030 is described as 400% above 2023 within the same scenario comparison. These are scenario requirements and attribution estimates, not measured future outcomes. IEA, Outlook for battery demand and supply
Battery Demand, Costs and Technology Trends
Battery economics changed sharply between 2010 and 2023. The IEA reports a 90% fall in average battery costs, with lithium-ion pack-level market averages declining from $1,400 per kWh in 2010 to below $140 per kWh in 2023.
- EVs accounted for more than 90% of energy-sector battery use in 2023 globally, and annual EV battery volumes exceeded 750 GWh, mostly from passenger cars. IEA, Status of battery demand and supply
- Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries represented 40% of global EV sales and 80% of new battery storage in 2023. The two percentages refer to separate EV and storage populations. IEA, Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions — Executive summary
- Energy-sector uses rose from 50% of total lithium-ion demand in 2016 to more than 90% in 2023 globally. IEA, Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions — Executive summary
IEA’s Global EV Outlook 2023 estimated global EV battery demand at about 550 GWh in 2022, approximately 65% higher than in 2021. Global automotive lithium-ion manufacturing capacity was roughly 1.5 TWh in 2022, implying about 35% utilization based on IEA and Benchmark data.
| Global EV battery measure | Period | Figure |
|---|---|---|
| EV battery demand | 2022 | About 550 GWh |
| EV battery demand growth | 2022 vs. 2021 | Approximately 65% |
| Automotive lithium-ion manufacturing capacity | 2022 | Roughly 1.5 TWh |
| Implied manufacturing utilization | 2022 | About 35% |
| EV battery demand, IEA STEPS | 2030 forecast | More than 3 TWh |
| EV battery demand, IEA APS | 2030 forecast | About 3.5 TWh |
The 2030 demand figures are scenario forecasts: more than 3 TWh under the Stated Policies Scenario and about 3.5 TWh under the Announced Pledges Scenario. IEA, Global EV Outlook 2023 — Prospects for electric vehicle deployment
Energy Storage Investment, Manufacturing and Supply Chains
Investment and manufacturing are concentrated even as storage deployment spreads across markets. Global investment in EV batteries and battery storage reached $150 billion in 2023, of which EV batteries received about $115 billion.
- China, Europe and the United States together accounted for more than 90% of global battery investment in 2023. IEA, Status of battery demand and supply
- China held nearly 85% of global battery-cell production capacity in the 2023/2024 report baseline. IEA, Status of battery demand and supply
- More than 75% of existing global battery-manufacturing capacity was located in China in 2022. IEA, World Energy Investment 2023 — Overview and key findings
- Announced manufacturing plans could provide 5.2 TWh of new battery capacity by 2030 if realized. This is conditional on the plans being built. IEA, World Energy Investment 2023 — Overview and key findings
- Investment in critical-mineral mining rose 30% in 2022, a broad mining measure rather than a battery-storage-only result. IEA, World Energy Investment 2023 — Overview and key findings
The distinction between existing capacity and announced capacity matters: the 2022 China share describes capacity already in place, while the 5.2 TWh figure is a conditional 2030 manufacturing projection.
U.S. Grid Battery Storage Data
U.S. utility-scale statistics show rapid growth from a very small early base. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) counted only 4 MW of utility-scale battery storage additions in 2010, compared with 10.4 GW added during 2024.
| U.S. utility-scale battery measure | Period | Figure |
|---|---|---|
| Operational capacity | End of 2024 | More than 26 GW |
| Capacity added | 2024 | 10.4 GW |
| Share of utility-scale generating capacity | 2024 | 2% of 1,230 GW |
| Reported planned additions | 2025 | 19.6 GW |
| Available capacity | July 2024 | More than 20.7 GW |
| Capacity added | January–July 2024 | 5 GW |
The EIA’s 2025 planned figure is reported capacity, not a guarantee that all projects become operational. The 2% measure is a power-capacity share and does not represent the share of electricity generated by batteries. EIA, U.S. battery capacity increased 66% in 2024 EIA, Batteries are a fast-growing secondary electricity source for the grid
State concentration was also visible in late 2023: California had 7.3 GW of installed battery storage and Texas had 3.2 GW. At the end of 2023, about 16 GW of U.S. utility-scale battery capacity was described as planned and operational combined; late-2023 filings listed about 15 GW of additions for 2024 and 9 GW for 2025. EIA, U.S. battery storage capacity expected to nearly double in 2024
Residential, Utility-Scale and Electricity-Access Storage
The global power-sector battery market is split between large projects and systems located behind the meter. Utility-scale projects represented 65% of global battery-storage additions in 2023, while behind-the-meter systems represented 35%.
California provides a clear residential pairing example. More than 50% of new California residential solar PV installations were paired with batteries in April 2024, compared with just over 20% in October 2023; these are preliminary estimates for small-scale systems under 1 MW.
- Solar-plus-battery systems represented about 9% of California residential net-metered capacity in 2024. This is a capacity share, not the share of households or generation. EIA, California residents are increasingly pairing battery storage with solar installations
- More than 40,000 new California solar-plus-battery installations were added between October 2023 and April 2024 in preliminary residential net-metering data. EIA, California residents are increasingly pairing battery storage with solar installations
Storage also appears in electricity-access pathways. The IEA estimates that close to 400 million people in Africa could gain access to electricity through decentralized solar systems and battery mini-grids by 2030; this is an access forecast, not current battery ownership. IEA, Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions — Executive summary
Long-duration storage uses different measures from short-duration battery deployment. DOE’s 2022 assessment covered durations from 2 to 100 hours, including additional 24- and 100-hour cases; its 2020 assessment covered six technologies, while the 2022 assessment added zinc, thermal and gravitational storage.
DOE’s long-duration target seeks a 90% cost reduction within one decade for systems delivering more than 10 hours. Its 2030 roadmap target is $0.05 per kWh levelized cost of storage, described as a 90% reduction from the 2020 baseline; DOE defines this modeled ownership-and-operation metric as including charging, financing, operations and maintenance, augmentation, replacement and other project costs.
A separate DOE target sets 2030 battery-pack manufactured cost for a 300-mile EV at $80 per rated kWh, compared with a stated current cost of $143 per rated kWh. That target concerns EV packs, not stationary-storage installed cost. DOE, 2022 Grid Energy Storage Technology Cost and Performance Assessment