Distributed energy storage spans household batteries, commercial systems, behind-the-meter installations, and utility-scale batteries. The figures below separate those populations and identify whether each measure is observed, estimated, or planned.
Key Distributed Energy Storage Statistics
The most useful headline figures are:
- In 2025, 108 GW of new battery storage capacity was deployed worldwide.
- In 2025, global battery storage additions were 40% higher than in 2024.
- In 2025, lithium-iron-phosphate batteries represented about 90% of worldwide deployments.
- In 2025, about 80% of new global battery capacity was utility-scale.
- In 2025, China accounted for about 60% of global battery-storage additions.
- At the end of 2024, U.S. cumulative utility-scale battery storage capacity exceeded 26 GW.
- In 2024, U.S. generators added 10.4 GW of utility-scale battery capacity.
- In 2024, battery storage represented 2% of the U.S. 1,230-GW utility-scale generating fleet.
- In 2024, residential storage accompanied 25% of new PV installations in the U.S. sample.
- In 2024, California’s residential storage attachment rate reached 57% of new PV installations.
- In 2024, Hawaii’s residential storage attachment rate was 85% of new PV installations.
- In 2024, the median residential paired battery was 13.5 kWh.
- In 2024, U.S. non-residential storage attachment reached 7% of new non-residential PV installations.
- In 2024, Hawaii’s non-residential storage attachment rate was 50% of new non-residential PV installations.
- In 2024, the median large non-residential paired battery was about 550 kWh.
- At the end of 2023, U.S. utilities reported 575 operating batteries totaling 15,814 MW.
- At the end of 2023, arbitrage was the primary use for 10,487 MW of U.S. utility battery capacity.
- Through the end of 2028, utilities planned to add 35,953 MW of U.S. battery capacity.
Contents
- Global distributed energy storage deployment and technology trends
- U.S. battery storage capacity and regional concentration
- Residential distributed storage adoption and PV attachment
- Commercial and non-residential storage statistics
- System size, duration, and power-ratio data
- Applications, costs, and forward-looking capacity
Global Distributed Energy Storage Deployment and Technology Trends
The International Energy Agency reported 108 GW of new battery storage capacity worldwide in 2025, with additions 40% higher than in 2024. The IEA also reported that installed global battery storage capacity in 2025 was 11 times the 2021 level; that multiple is a published comparison, not a separate capacity total. (Global Energy Review 2026: Technology: Battery storage)
| Global measure | 2025 figure | Scope or qualification |
|---|---|---|
| New battery capacity | 108 GW | Worldwide; reported from Benchmark 2026 data |
| Increase from 2024 | 40% | Worldwide comparison; estimate |
| Capacity relative to 2021 | 11 times | Published IEA multiple |
| Utility-scale share of new capacity | About 80% | Remainder was behind-the-meter commercial and residential capacity |
| China’s share of additions | About 60% | Rounded worldwide comparison |
Lithium-iron-phosphate chemistry accounted for about 90% of global deployments in 2025, compared with a share below 50% roughly five years earlier. The earlier comparison is rounded and does not identify an exact year-specific value.
Battery-based uninterruptible power supply capacity also rose 30% to 45 GW in 2025, a primarily data-center backup category distinct from grid battery storage. (Global Energy Review 2026: Technology: Battery storage)
U.S. Battery Storage Capacity and Regional Concentration
The U.S. Energy Information Administration’s preliminary January 2025 inventory found more than 26 GW of cumulative utility-scale battery storage capacity at the end of 2024. U.S. generators added 10.4 GW during 2024, while battery storage represented 2% of the country’s 1,230-GW utility-scale generating fleet; the denominator is generating capacity, not electricity production. (U.S. battery capacity increased 66% in 2024)
| U.S. measure | Figure | Period and scope |
|---|---|---|
| Cumulative utility-scale battery storage | More than 26 GW | 2024; United States |
| New utility-scale battery capacity | 10.4 GW | 2024; United States |
| Battery share of utility-scale generating fleet | 2% of 1,230 GW | 2024; United States |
| Planned new utility-scale battery capacity | 19.6 GW | 2025 plan; forecast |
The November 2023 EIA inventory shows how concentrated the installed fleet was. California had 7.3 GW and Texas had 3.2 GW, while all other states together had about 3.5 GW; the figures include utility-scale storage and should not be read as distributed-only totals. (U.S. battery storage capacity expected to nearly double in 2024)
At the end of 2023, planned and operating U.S. utility-scale battery capacity totaled about 16 GW. Developers planned about 15 GW of additional capacity for 2024 and about 9 GW for 2025, but these were reported plans rather than guaranteed buildout. (U.S. battery storage capacity expected to nearly double in 2024)
Residential Distributed Storage Adoption and PV Attachment
Berkeley Lab’s attachment rate measures the share of new PV installations paired with storage. It excludes storage added to existing PV and stand-alone storage, so it is a PV-pairing measure rather than total residential storage penetration.
| Residential geography | 2023 | 2024 | Measure |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States sample | — | 25% | New residential PV installations with storage |
| California | 14% | 57% | New residential PV installations with storage |
| States outside California | 5% | 8% | Combined sample attachment rate |
| Hawaii | About 85% since 2021 | 85% | New residential PV installations with storage |
| Excluding Hawaii and California | — | 6% | Average attachment rate |
In 2024, most U.S. states had residential attachment rates below 5%, while Hawaii remained around 85% since 2021. State rates are shown under Berkeley Lab’s market-coverage rules, and the source reports a pattern for most states rather than a count of states. (U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage Data: 2025 Update)
Residential paired battery systems had a 13.5-kWh median size in 2024, and most systems were between 10 and 20 kWh. The sizing results are heavily driven by California, which contributes about 90% of the storage-sizing data, so the medians are not an equally weighted national estimate. (U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage Data: 2025 Update)
The Berkeley Lab distributed dataset contained roughly 5.3 million individual systems installed through the end of 2025. That population covers distributed solar and solar-plus-storage systems, not storage-only systems universally. (Tracking the Sun: Pricing and Design Trends for Distributed Photovoltaic Systems in the United States, 2024 Edition)
Commercial and Non-Residential Storage Statistics
Non-residential attachment was lower than California’s residential rate but still increased in the Berkeley Lab sample. Total U.S. non-residential attachment rose from 5% in 2023 to 7% in 2024, while California increased from 8% to 12%.
These measures cover new non-residential PV installations paired with storage, not retrofits or stand-alone systems. (U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage Data: 2025 Update)
| Non-residential geography | 2023 | 2024 | Measure |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 5% | 7% | New non-residential PV installations with storage |
| California | 8% | 12% | New non-residential PV installations with storage |
| Hawaii | — | 50% | Highest reported state attachment rate |
| Most states other than California and Hawaii | — | Below 5% | Reported cross-state pattern |
Small non-residential batteries paired with PV had a 20-kWh median size in 2024, versus 13.5 kWh for residential systems. Large non-residential paired batteries had a median size of about 550 kWh, and at least 20% of those systems had four or more hours of storage. (U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage Data: 2025 Update)
Distributed Battery System Size, Duration, and Power-Ratio Data
Berkeley Lab defines distributed solar systems as residential systems, roof-mounted non-residential systems, and ground-mounted systems up to 5 MWAC. Larger ground-mounted systems are treated separately as utility-scale solar, which is why distributed and EIA utility-scale numbers should not be merged.
The 2024 report received data from 72 entities spanning 31 states for installations covered in that edition. The resulting sizing statistics describe the reported PV-plus-storage sample, not every U.S. distributed battery system. (Tracking the Sun: Pricing and Design Trends for Distributed Photovoltaic Systems in the United States, 2024 Edition)
| Segment | 2024 median battery size | Median duration or ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Residential PV-plus-storage | 13.5 kWh | Two hours median duration |
| Small non-residential PV-plus-storage | 20 kWh | Two hours median duration |
| Large non-residential PV-plus-storage | About 550 kWh | Two hours median duration; 0.5 storage-to-PV power ratio |
Median storage duration was two hours across residential, small non-residential, and large non-residential segments. For large non-residential systems, the 0.5 median storage-to-PV power ratio means the reported storage power was measured as a median relative to paired PV power; it is not a battery energy capacity ratio. (U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage Data: 2025 Update)
Battery Storage Applications, Costs, and Forward-Looking Capacity
U.S. utilities reported 575 operating batteries with 15,814 MW of collective capacity at the end of 2023. Arbitrage was the primary use reported for 10,487 MW, although a battery can have multiple uses, including grid stability. (Utilities report batteries are most commonly used for arbitrage and grid stability)
Utilities expected to add 35,953 MW through the end of 2028, a plan-based forecast rather than realized deployment. Separately, the EIA’s November 2023 account identified Moss Landing in California as the largest operating U.S. battery facility at 750 MW, and more than 300 U.S. utility-scale battery projects were expected to come online by 2025. (Utilities report batteries are most commonly used for arbitrage and grid stability; U.S. battery storage capacity expected to nearly double in 2024)
About 50% of planned U.S. utility-scale battery capacity in the EIA’s 2024–2025 pipeline was expected to be installed in Texas. The five largest named scheduled projects were 621 MW, 600 MW, 500 MW, 500 MW, and 443 MW; these are planned project sizes, not necessarily commissioned capacity. (U.S. battery storage capacity expected to nearly double in 2024)
Battery-specific costs are not supplied by the reported price statistics, so the following figures should not be treated as battery prices. Median installed prices for residential standalone PV fell by roughly $0.1/W in real terms from 2022 to 2023; in 2024, loan-financed standalone PV had a median installed price of $4.7/W compared with $3.5/W for cash purchases, including loan fees in the up-front price. (U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage Data: 2025 Update)
For systems installed in 2023, residential standalone PV prices were about $1.0/W lower for the largest systems than for the smallest systems. Among non-residential systems, the corresponding difference was $2.2/W; both are standalone PV installed-price distributions, not battery-only costs. (Tracking the Sun: Pricing and Design Trends for Distributed Photovoltaic Systems in the United States, 2024 Edition)